© 2001 Jordan Institute
for Families

Vol. 7, No. 1
January 2002

• Identification with incarcerated parent, awareness of social stigma

• Change in future orientation and intrusive thoughts about their parents

• Concerned about outcomes of case, unsure and worried about how to live without mother, concern about an uncertain future

• Flashbacks to traumatic events related to arrests
  

• Embarrassment
  

• Fear, anxiety
  

• Anger and hyperarousal
  

• Sadness
  

• Guilt
  

• Low self-esteem
  

• Loneliness, feelings of abandonment, emotional withdrawal from friends and family
  

• Depression
  

• Sleeplessness
  

• Eating and sleeping disorders
  

• Attention disorders and developmental regression
  

• Diminished academic performance, classroom behavior difficulties and truancy

• Aggression, acting out, antisocial behaviors, and trauma-reactive behavior leading to early crime involvement